Chuanyu Peng, Tsewang Tshomo

Chuanyu Peng, Tsewang Tshomo

Oct. 31, 2026

Human–machine collaborative teaching, AI-TPACK framework, Transformation of teaching models, Digital-intelligent technology

Human-machine collaborative teaching has become an inevitable trend of education reform in the intelligent era. However, the current teaching transformation in colleges and universities still faces multiple difficulties, such as weak teachers’ mathematical literacy, insufficient classroom personalized adaptation, and lagging discipline education system. Therefore, based on the AI-TPACK framework, this study integrates three dimensions of digital intelligent technology ( AI-TK ), teaching method ( AI-PK ) and subject content ( AI-CK ), and constructs the transformation path of human-computer collaborative teaching mode in colleges and universities : (1) Strengthen teachers ' digital literacy and AI ethical judgment ability at the technical level ; (2) Construct the whole process intelligent teaching mode of “‘pre-middle-post’ class at the level of teaching methods; (3) Develop interdisciplinary knowledge system and intelligent evaluation mechanism at the content level. The purpose is to respond to the practical needs of teaching transformation in colleges and universities in the era of number intelligence, and to provide a theoretical reference for promoting the deep integration of AI and classroom teaching and building a smart teaching system of man-machine symbiosis.

© 2026, the Authors. Published by ISCCAC

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license