Evaluating MIDI-based Visual Feedback in Piano Education: Effects on Performance Accuracy and Dynamic Control_INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND CULTURE CENTER FOR ACADEMIC CONTACTS (ISCCAC)

Publisher:ISCCAC

Evaluating MIDI-based Visual Feedback in Piano Education: Effects on Performance Accuracy and Dynamic Control

Authors

Xiangwei Wang

Corresponding Author

Xiangwei Wang

Publishing Date

Oct. 30, 2026

Keywords

Piano Education, MIDI, Visual Feedback, Piano Performance, Technology-enhanced Learning, Dynamic Control.

Abstract

This study examined MIDI-based visual feedback as a supplement to conventional piano instruction. Thirty piano students completed a two-week pre-test-intervention-post-test experiment using measures 1-40 of Chopin’s Etude Op. 10 No. 1; 14 received conventional instruction and 16 received the same instruction with MIDI visualization. Performance accuracy was derived from MIDI note events, while Dynamics, Musical Expression, and Overall Performance were assessed through blinded expert ratings. Both groups improved significantly. The MIDI group showed a larger unadjusted gain in accuracy than the control group (26.29 vs. 21.18 percentage points, p = .033), but the group effect was not significant after adjustment for baseline accuracy (p = .286). Differences in the three expert-rated outcomes were not significant. Students generally valued MIDI visualization for identifying problems and understanding teacher feedback. The findings support MIDI visualization as a complementary, teacher-guided feedback tool rather than a substitute for musical judgment.

Copyright

Open Access

This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC license

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